Artificial Intelligence-Driven 6G Wireless Networks: Technologies, Applications, and Future Challenges- A Review
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The rapid advancement of intelligent communication technologies has accelerated research toward sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks as a successor to 5G systems. Unlike previous wireless generations, 6G is expected to integrate Artificial Intelligence (AI), Terahertz (THz) communication, edge intelligence, and Internet of Everything (IoE) into a unified intelligent communication ecosystem capable of supporting ultra-high data rates, sub-millisecond latency, and massive connectivity. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent developments in 6G wireless communication systems by analyzing more than 40 recent studies published between 2019 and 2025 from IEEE, Elsevier, Wiley, and other major scientific databases. The review systematically categorizes the literature into enabling technologies, intelligent network architectures, emerging applications, and open research challenges. Key findings indicate that AI-native network orchestration, THz spectrum utilization, intelligent reflecting surfaces, and distributed edge intelligence are becoming the primary technological foundations of future 6G infrastructures. Furthermore, the review identifies major challenges related to security, energy efficiency, spectrum management, hardware limitations, and trustworthy AI integration. Compared with previous surveys, this review provides an integrated discussion combining AI-driven communication, Industry 5.0 applications, IoE ecosystems, and intelligent distributed architectures within a single analytical framework. The paper also highlights future research directions for developing scalable, secure, and sustainable 6G wireless systems.
Article Details
References
[1] [M. S. Akbar, Z. Hussain, M. Ikram, Q. Z. Sheng, and S. C. Mukhopadhyay, “On challenges of sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks: A comprehensive survey of requirements, applications, and security issues,” Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 233, pp. 104040, 2025.
[2] M. M. Aslam, L. Du, X. Zhang, Y. Chen, Z. Ahmed, and B. Qureshi, “Sixth Generation (6G) Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) Application, Requirements, Security Issues, and Key Challenges,” Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, vol. 2021, pp. 1–18, 2021.
[3] S. Ali, M. Sohail, S. B. H. Shah, D. Koundal, M. A. Hassan, A. Abdollahi, and I. U. Khan, “New Trends and Advancement in Next Generation Mobile Wireless Communication (6G): A Survey,” Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, vol. 2021, pp. 1–14, 2021.
[4] S. P. Tera, R. Chinthaginjala, G. Pau, and T. H. Kim, “Toward 6G: An Overview of the Next Generation of Intelligent Network Connectivity,” IEEE Access, vol. 13, pp. 925–960, 2025.
[5] T. S. Rappaport et al., “Wireless communications and applications above 100 GHz: Opportunities and challenges for 6G and beyond,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 78729–78757, 2019.
[6] W. Saad, M. Bennis, and M. Chen, “A vision of 6G wireless systems: Applications, trends, technologies, and open research problems,” IEEE Network, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 134–142, 2020.
[7] Z. Zhang et al., “6G Wireless Networks: Vision, Requirements, Architecture, and Key Technologies,” IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 28–41, 2019.
[8] F. Tariq et al., “A Speculative Study on 6G,” IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 118–125, 2020.
[9] I. F. Akyildiz, A. Kak, and S. Nie, “6G and Beyond: The Future of Wireless Communications Systems,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 133995–134030, 2020.
[10] M. Z. Chowdhury et al., “6G Wireless Communication Systems: Applications, Requirements, Technologies, Challenges, and Research Directions,” IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, vol. 1, pp. 957–975, 2020.